суббота, 15 июля 2017 г.
суббота, 1 июля 2017 г.
The family tree poem
The family tree poem
This poem illustrates family in a very witty way:-
Many, many years ago when I was twenty-three,
I got married to a widow who was pretty as could be.
This widow had a grown-up daughter who had hair of red.
My father fell in love with her, and soon the two were wed.
This made my dad my son-in-law and changed my very life.
My daughter was my mother, for she was my father's wife.
To complicate the matters worse, although it brought me joy,
I soon became the father of a bouncing baby boy.
My little baby then became a brother-in-law to dad.
And so became my uncle, though it made me very sad.
For if he was my uncle, then that also made him brother
To the widow's grown-up daughter who, of course, was my stepmother.
Father's wife then had a son, who kept them on the run.
And he became my grandson, for he was my daughter's son.
My wife is now my mother's mother and it makes me blue.
Because, although she is my wife, she's my grandma too.
If my wife is my grandmother, then I am her grandchild.
And every time I think of it, it simply drives me wild.
For now I have become the strangest case you ever saw -
As the husband of my grandmother, I am my own grandpa!
I got married to a widow who was pretty as could be.
This widow had a grown-up daughter who had hair of red.
My father fell in love with her, and soon the two were wed.
This made my dad my son-in-law and changed my very life.
My daughter was my mother, for she was my father's wife.
To complicate the matters worse, although it brought me joy,
I soon became the father of a bouncing baby boy.
My little baby then became a brother-in-law to dad.
And so became my uncle, though it made me very sad.
For if he was my uncle, then that also made him brother
To the widow's grown-up daughter who, of course, was my stepmother.
Father's wife then had a son, who kept them on the run.
And he became my grandson, for he was my daughter's son.
My wife is now my mother's mother and it makes me blue.
Because, although she is my wife, she's my grandma too.
If my wife is my grandmother, then I am her grandchild.
And every time I think of it, it simply drives me wild.
For now I have become the strangest case you ever saw -
As the husband of my grandmother, I am my own grandpa!
понедельник, 26 июня 2017 г.
არაწესიერი ზმნების სია / ათინა თოიძე
English
Irregular Verbs By Atina Toidze
Table 1 Atina Toidze
|
beat
|
/bi:t/
|
beat
|
/bi:t/
|
beaten
|
/'bi:tn/
|
ცემა
|
|||
|
become
|
/bɪ
'kʌm/
|
became
|
/bɪ
'keɪm/
|
become
|
/bɪ
'kʌm/
|
გახდომა
|
|||
|
begin
|
/bɪ
'gɪn/
|
began
|
/bɪ
'gæn/
|
begun
|
/bɪ
'gʌn/
|
დაწყება
|
|||
|
bend
|
/bend/
|
bent
|
/bent/
|
bent
|
/bent/
|
შეხვევა
|
|||
|
bind
|
/baɪnd/
|
bound
|
/baʊnd/
|
bound
|
/baʊnd/
|
დაბმა
|
|||
|
bite
|
/baɪt/
|
bit
|
/bɪt/
|
bitten
|
/'bɪtn/
|
კბენა
|
|||
|
bleed
|
/bli:d/
|
bled
|
/bled/
|
bled
|
/bled/
|
სისხლდენა
|
|||
|
blow
|
/blou/
|
blew
|
/blu:/
|
blown
|
/bloun/
|
ბერვა, ქროლვა
|
|||
|
break
|
/breɪk/
|
broke
|
/brouk/
|
broken
|
/'broukən/
|
გატეხვა
|
|||
|
bring
|
/brɪŋ/
|
brought
|
/brɔ:t/
|
brought
|
/brɔ:t/
|
მოტანა
|
|||
|
build
|
/bɪld/
|
built
|
/bɪlt/
|
built
|
/bɪlt/
|
შენება
|
|||
|
burn
|
/bɜ:rn/
|
burnt
|
/bɜ:rnt/
|
burnt
|
/bɜ:rnt/
|
წვა
|
|||
|
burn
|
/bɜ:rn/
|
burned
|
/bɜ:rnd/
|
burned
|
/bɜ:rnd/
|
წვა
|
|||
|
buy
|
/baɪ/
|
bought
|
/bɔ:t/
|
bought
|
/bɔ:t/
|
ყიდვა
|
|||
|
catch
|
/kætʃ/
|
caught
|
/kɔ:t/
|
caught
|
/kɔ:t/
|
დაჭერა
|
|||
|
choose
|
/tʃu:z/
|
chose
|
/tʃouz/
|
chosen
|
/'tʃouzən/
|
არჩევა
|
|||
|
come
|
/kʌm/
|
came
|
/keɪm/
|
come
|
/kʌm/
|
მოსვლა
|
|||
|
cost
|
/kɒst/
|
cost
|
/kɒst/
|
cost
|
/kɒst/
|
ღირებულება
|
|||
|
cut
|
/kʌt/
|
cut
|
/kʌt/
|
cut
|
/kʌt/
|
ჭრა
|
|||
|
dig
|
/dɪg/
|
dug
|
/dʌg/
|
dug
|
/dʌg/
|
თხრა
|
|||
|
do
|
/du:/
|
did
|
/dɪd/
|
done
|
/dʌn/
|
კეთება
|
|||
|
draw
|
/drɔ:/
|
drew
|
/dru:/
|
drawn
|
/drɔ:n/
|
ხატვა
|
|||
|
dream
|
/dri:m/
|
dreamt
|
/dremt/
|
dreamt
|
/dremt/
|
ოცნება,
|
|||
|
dream
|
/dri:m/
|
dreamed
|
/dri:md/
|
dreamed
|
/dri:md/
|
სიზმრის ნახვა
|
|||
|
drink
|
/drɪŋk/
|
drank
|
/dræŋk/
|
drunk
|
/drʌŋk/
|
სმა, დალევა
|
|||
|
drive
|
/draɪv/
|
drove
|
/drouv/
|
driven
|
/'drɪvən/
|
მართვა, ტარება
|
|||
|
eat
|
/i:t/
|
ate
|
/eɪt,
et/
|
eaten
|
/'i:tn/
|
ჭამა
|
|||
|
fall
|
/fɔ:l/
|
fell
|
/fel/
|
fallen
|
/'fɔ:lən/
|
დავარდნა
|
|||
|
feed
|
/fi:d/
|
fed
|
/fed/
|
fed
|
/fed/
|
გამოკვებვა
|
|||
|
feel
|
/fi:l/
|
felt
|
/felt/
|
felt
|
/felt/
|
გრძნობა
|
|||
|
fight
|
/faɪt/
|
fought
|
/fɔ:t/
|
fought
|
/fɔ:t/
|
ბრძოლა
|
|||
|
find
|
/faɪnd/
|
found
|
/faʊnd/
|
found
|
/faʊnd/
|
პოვნა
|
|||
|
fly
|
/flaɪ/
|
flew
|
/flu:/
|
flown
|
/floun/
|
ფრენა
|
|||
|
forget
|
/fər
'get/
|
forgot
|
/fər
'gɒt/
|
forgotten
|
/fər
'gɒtn/
|
დავიწყება
|
|||
|
forgive
|
/fər
'gɪv/
|
forgave
|
/fər
'geɪv/
|
forgiven
|
/fər
'gɪvən/
|
პატიება
|
|||
|
freeze
|
/fri:z/
|
froze
|
/frouz/
|
frozen
|
/'frouzən/
|
გაყინვა
|
|||
|
get
|
/get/
|
got
|
/gɒt/
|
got
|
/gɒt/
|
გახდომა, -
|
|||
|
get
|
/get/
|
got
|
/gɒt/
|
gotten
|
/'gɒtn/
|
მოღება
|
|||
|
give
|
/gɪv/
|
gave
|
/geɪv/
|
given
|
/'gɪvən/
|
მიცემა
|
|||
|
go
|
/gou/
|
went
|
/went/
|
gone
|
/gɒn/
|
წასვლა
|
|||
|
grow
|
/grou/
|
grew
|
/gru:/
|
grown
|
/groun/
|
ზრდა
|
|||
|
hang
|
/hæŋ/
|
hung
|
/hʌŋ/
|
hung
|
/hʌŋ/
|
ჩამოკიდება
|
|||
|
have
|
/hæv/
|
had
|
/hæd/
|
had
|
/hæd/
|
ქონა-ყოლა
|
|||
|
hear
|
/hɪər/
|
heard
|
/hɜ:rd/
|
heard
|
/hɜ:rd/
|
გაგონება
|
|||
|
hide
|
/haɪd/
|
hid
|
/hɪd/
|
hidden
|
/'hɪdn/
|
დამალვა
|
|||
|
hit
|
/hɪt/
|
hit
|
/hɪt/
|
hit
|
/hɪt/
|
ხელის კვრა
|
|||
|
hold
|
/hould/
|
held
|
/held/
|
held
|
/held/
|
დაყოვნება,
ხელის ჩამორთმევა
|
|||
|
hurt
|
/hɜ:rt/
|
hurt
|
/hɜ:rt/
|
hurt
|
/hɜ:rt/
|
ტკენა
|
|||
|
keep
|
/ki:p/
|
kept
|
/kept/
|
kept
|
/kept/
|
შენახვა, დაცვა
|
|||
|
know
|
/nou/
|
knew
|
/nu:/
|
known
|
/noun/
|
ცოდნა
|
|||
|
lay
|
/leɪ/
|
laid
|
/leɪd/
|
laid
|
/leɪd/
|
სუფრის გაშლა
|
|||
|
lead
|
/li:d/
|
led
|
/led/
|
led
|
/led/
|
გაძღოლა
|
|||
|
learn
|
/lɜ:rn/
|
learnt
|
/lɜ:rnt/
|
learnt
|
/lɜ:rnt/
|
სწავლა
|
|||
|
learn
|
/lɜ:rn/
|
learned
|
/lɜ:rnd/
|
learned
|
/lɜ:rnd/
|
სწავლა
|
|||
|
leave
|
/li:v/
|
left
|
/left/
|
left
|
/left/
|
მიტოვება,
დატოვება
|
|||
|
lend
|
/lend/
|
lent
|
/lent/
|
lent
|
/lent/
|
სესხება,
თხოვება
|
|||
|
let
|
/let/
|
let
|
/let/
|
let
|
/let/
|
ნების დართვა
|
|||
|
lie
|
/laɪ/
|
lay
|
/leɪ/
|
lain
|
/leɪn/
|
მოტყუება
|
|||
|
lose
|
/lu:z/
|
lost
|
/lɒst/
|
lost
|
/lɒst/
|
დაკარგვა
|
|||
|
make
|
/meɪk/
|
made
|
/meɪd/
|
made
|
/meɪd/
|
კეთება
|
|||
|
mean
|
/mi:n/
|
meant
|
/ment/
|
meant
|
/ment/
|
იგულისხმება
|
|||
|
meet
|
/mi:t/
|
met
|
/met/
|
met
|
/met/
|
შეხვედრა,
გაცნობა
|
|||
|
pay
|
/peɪ/
|
paid
|
/peɪd/
|
paid
|
/peɪd/
|
ფულის გადახდა
|
|||
|
put
|
/pʊt/
|
put
|
/pʊt/
|
put
|
/pʊt/
|
დადება
|
|||
|
read
|
/ri:d/
|
read
|
/red/
|
read
|
/red/
|
(წა)კითხვა
|
|||
|
ride
|
/raɪd/
|
rode
|
/roud/
|
ridden
|
/'rɪdn/
|
მართვა
|
|||
|
ring
|
/rɪŋ/
|
rang
|
/ræŋ/
|
rung
|
/rʌŋ/
|
დარეკვა
|
|||
|
rise
|
/raɪz/
|
rose
|
/rouz/
|
risen
|
/'rɪzən/
|
ადგომა, მზის
ამოსვლა
|
|||
|
run
|
/rʌn/
|
ran
|
/ræn/
|
run
|
/rʌn/
|
სირბილი
|
|||
|
say
|
/seɪ/
|
said
|
/sed/
|
said
|
/sed/
|
თქმა
|
|||
|
see
|
/si:/
|
saw
|
/sɔ:/
|
seen
|
/si:n/
|
დანახვა
|
|||
|
sell
|
/sel/
|
sold
|
/sould/
|
sold
|
/sould/
|
გაყიდვა
|
|||
|
send
|
/send/
|
sent
|
/sent/
|
sent
|
/sent/
|
გაგზავნა
|
|||
|
set
|
/set/
|
set
|
/set/
|
set
|
/set/
|
მზის ჩასვლა
|
|||
|
shake
|
/ʃeɪk/
|
shook
|
/ʃʊk/
|
shaken
|
/'ʃeɪkən/
|
რხევა, ქანება
|
|||
|
shine
|
/ʃaɪn/
|
shone
|
/ʃoun,
ʃɒn/
|
shone
|
/ʃoun,
ʃɒn/
|
კაშკაში
|
|||
|
shoot
|
/ʃu:t/
|
shot
|
/ʃɒt/
|
shot
|
/ʃɒt/
|
გასროლა
|
|||
|
show
|
/ʃou/
|
showed
|
/ʃoud/
|
shown
|
/ʃoun/
|
ჩვენება
|
|||
|
shut
|
/ʃʌt/
|
shut
|
/ʃʌt/
|
shut
|
/ʃʌt/
|
მოკეტვა
|
|||
|
sing
|
/sɪŋ/
|
sang
|
/sæŋ/
|
sung
|
/sʌŋ/
|
მღერა
|
|||
|
sink
|
/sɪŋk/
|
sank
|
/sæŋk/
|
sunk
|
/sʌŋk/
|
ჩაძირვა
|
|||
|
sit
|
/sɪt/
|
sat
|
/sæt/
|
sat
|
/sæt/
|
დაჯდომა
|
|||
|
sleep
|
/sli:p/
|
slept
|
/slept/
|
Slept
|
/slept/
|
ძილი
|
|||
|
smell
|
/smel/
|
smelt
|
/smelt/
|
smelt
|
/smelt/
|
ყნოსვა
|
|||
|
smell
|
/smel/
|
smelled
|
/smeld/
|
smelled
|
/smeld/
|
„-„
|
|||
|
speak
|
/spi:k/
|
spoke
|
/spouk/
|
spoken
|
/'spoukən/
|
ლაპარაკი
|
|||
|
spell
|
/spel/
|
spelt
|
/spelt/
|
spelt
|
/spelt/
|
წერა
|
|||
|
spell
|
/spel/
|
spelled
|
/speld/
|
spelled
|
/speld/
|
„-„
|
|||
|
spend
|
/spend/
|
spent
|
/spent/
|
spent
|
/spent/
|
დროის და ფულის
ფლანგვა
|
|||
|
spill
|
/spɪl/
|
spilt
|
/spɪlt/
|
spilt
|
/spɪlt/
|
დაღვრა
|
|||
|
spill
|
/spɪl/
|
spilled
|
/spɪld/
|
spilled
|
/spɪld/
|
„-„
|
|||
|
spit
|
/spɪt/
|
spat
|
/spæt/
|
spat
|
/spæt/
|
გადანერწყვება
|
|||
|
spit
|
/spɪt/
|
spit
|
/spɪt/
|
spit
|
/spɪt/
|
გახვრეტა,
შერჭობა
|
|||
|
split
|
/splɪt/
|
split
|
/splɪt/
|
split
|
/splɪt/
|
გაპობა, გახლეჩა
|
|||
|
spoil
|
/spoɪl/
|
spoilt
|
/spoɪlt/
|
spoilt
|
/spoɪlt/
|
გაფუჭება
|
|||
|
spoil
|
/spoɪl/
|
spoiled
|
/spoɪld/
|
spoiled
|
/spoɪld/
|
„-„
|
|||
|
stand
|
/stænd/
|
stood
|
/stʊd/
|
stood
|
/stʊd/
|
დგომა
|
|||
|
steal
|
/sti:l/
|
stole
|
/stoul/
|
stolen
|
/'stoulən/
|
მოპარვა
|
|||
|
strike
|
/straɪk/
|
struck
|
/strʌk/
|
struck
|
/strʌk/
|
დარტყმა
|
|||
|
swim
|
/swɪm/
|
swam
|
/swæm/
|
swum
|
/swʌm/
|
ცურვა
|
|||
|
take
|
/teɪk/
|
took
|
/tʊk/
|
taken
|
/'teɪkən/
|
აღება
|
|||
|
teach
|
/ti:tʃ/
|
taught
|
/tɔ:t/
|
taught
|
/tɔ:t/
|
სწავლება
|
|||
|
tear
|
/teər/
|
tore
|
/tɔr/
|
torn
|
/tɔrn/
|
დაფლეთა
|
|||
|
tell
|
/tel/
|
told
|
/tould/
|
told
|
/tould/
|
მოყოლა
|
|||
|
think
|
/θɪŋk/
|
thought
|
/θɔ:t/
|
thought
|
/θɔ:t/
|
ფიქრი
|
|||
|
throw
|
/θrou/
|
threw
|
/θru:/
|
thrown
|
/θroun/
|
გადაგდება
|
|||
|
understand
|
/ʌndər
'stænd/
|
understood
|
/ʌndər
'stʊd/
|
understood
|
/ʌndər
'stʊd/
|
მიხვედრა,
გაგება
|
|||
|
wake
|
/weɪk/
|
woke
|
/wouk/
|
woken
|
/'woukən/
|
გაღვიძება
|
|||
|
wear
|
/weər/
|
wore
|
/wɔr/
|
worn
|
/wɔrn/
|
ჩაცმა, ტარება
|
|||
|
win
|
/wɪn/
|
won
|
/wʌn/
|
won
|
/wʌn/
|
გამარჯვება,
მოგება
|
|||
|
write
|
/raɪt/
|
wrote
|
/rout/
|
written
|
/'rɪtn/
|
წერა
|
|||
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